The Moon Landing
The Moon Landing : The Moon Landing
Apollo 11 was the first manned spacecraft to land on the Moon. - The Moon Landing
Apollo 11 was launched on July 16, 1969. It had two separable modules. On board were three astronauts — Commander Neil Armstrong, Lunar Module pilot, Buzz Aldrin Jr. and Command and Service Module (CSM) pilot, Michael Collins.
The spacecraft took three days to reach the Moon's orbit. The next day, July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin moved into the Lunar Module named Eagle. Eagle and the CSM separated. Eagle descended to the Moon's surface. Armstrong radioed to the command centre on Earth - Houston, Tranquility Bose here — the Eagle has landed.
A few hours later, Armstrong stepped onto the Moon's surface, saying…That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.
Aldrin stepped onto the Moon 19 minutes later.
Almost 24 hours later, the two astronauts returned to the CSM in the Eagle. The CSM set its course for Earth on July 22. Before entering Earth's atmosphere, the Command Module separated from the Service Module. Parachutes opened on the module to slow it down before it splashed into the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969. The astronauts were picked up by the recovery ship, USS Hornet
Amazing Facts about Space :
Before people ventured into space, scientists sent animals, so they could observe how the animals coped with being in space. The dog, Laika, was the first mammal from Earth to orbit the planet. Laika died from stress and overheating during her 1957 space mission in the Russian spacecraft Sputnik 2.
As telescopes have become more powerful, they have allowed us to observe planets, galaxies and nebulae in greater detail. In 1990 the Hubble telescope was sent into orbit
Galileo discovered four moons orbiting Jupiter in January 1610.
The Indian Astronomical Observatory which sits 4517 metres above sea level, in Hanle, India, is the world's highest observatory telescope.
Amateur astronomers use refracting telescopes The earliest telescopes were all refracting telescopes including the famous and very simple telescope used by Galileo Galilei in the early 1600s.
The Keck telescopes, the world's largest optical telescopes, are located on the dormant Mauna Kea volcano on the island of Hawaii.
Hubble is the size of a large school bus. It fits inside the cargo bay of a space shuttle.
The Hubble Space Telescope spotted young brown dwarfs for the first time in the Orion Nebula. Brown dwarfs are so-called failed stars because they are too small to be ordinary stars — they cannot sustain nuclear fusion in their cores the way our Sun does.
Hubble is serviced and newer technology is installed by astronauts on space walks. This means that Hubble can benefit from the same advances as ground-based telescopes.
The Hubble Space Telescope completes one full orbit of Earth every 97 minutes.
A three-stage rocket, Saturn V, was used to take astronauts to the Moon in the Apollo spacecraft. Stage 1 burnt its fuel over 2 minutes and 30 seconds - then separated from the rest of the rocket ond fell back to Earth. Stage 2 then fired and lifted the astronauts into space. It too fell away. Finally, Stage 3 fired for 2 minutes and 30 seconds and sent Apollo into orbit around Earth. Stage 3 fired again for over five minutes to send Apollo towards the Moon. It then fell away from the spacecraft. All spacecraft and satellites are taken into space by rockets.
The largest and most powerful rocket ever built was the Saturn V rocket.
The Mariner probes were designed to investigate Mars, Venus and Mercury. In 1962, Mariner 2 became the first spacecraft to fly by another planet when it passed Venus.
The Viking landers conducted experiments on Martian soil to see if any form of life existed. Decades later, scientists are still arguing over the results.
The Halley Multicolor Camera on the Giotto probe was destroyed when it veered too close to the tail of Halley's Comet. Before it was shattered, it took some spectacular pictures of the comet's nucleus.
In 1959, the Soviet Luna 2 mission successfully crashed into the Moon. It made history by being the first man-made object to reach another world.
Communications industries, such as Internet, TV and telephones, use satellites to transmit information quickly.
Satellites also have an Attitude Control System which keeps the satellite pointing in the right direction.
The Soviet Union was the first country to launch a satellite. The Soviets launched Sputnik 1 on 4 October 1957. This was to be the beginning of the space race between the Soviet Union and the USA.
If a satellite doesn't reach a suitable altitude, it can be affected by the drag of Earth's atmosphere and fall back into the atmosphere where it burns up.
Rockets launch satellites into space. On reaching orbit the satellites are released. Satellites travel at a speed of about 28800 kilometres per hour which allows them to fly in an arc around Earth.
The Nimbus 7 weather satellite confirmed that an ozone hole exists over Antarctica.
In the future, navigation satellites may assist in air traffic control.
There ore over 8000 artificial objects orbiting Earth - 2500 of these are satellites.
Valentino Tereshkova, the first woman to venture into space, spent 2 days, 22 hours and 50 minutes in space. While orbiting Earth in Vostok 6, she took photographs of Earth's atmosphere. These photographs were later used by scientists to identify the different layers within the atmosphere.
381.7 kg of Moon rock was brought bock to Earth by the Apollo program. Most of the material is stored at the Lunar Receiving Laboratory in Houston, Texas, USA.
There were 11 manned flights in the Apollo program — Apollo 7 to Apollo 17. Apollo 4 to Apollo 6 were unmanned test flights (officially there was no Apollo 2 or Apollo 3).
In January 1967, the crew of Apollo I died during a simulated countdown on the launch pad. A fire killed three astronauts. As a result all further Apollo flights were unmanned until Apollo 7 in 1968.
The Apollo 11 astronauts raised the United States flag on the Moon. They had to insert wire along the top of the flag to hold it out because there is no wind on the Moon. The flag is still there.
On returning to Earth the mission wasn't quite finished for the three astronauts. They were quarantined for three weeks to ensure they hadn't caught anything on the Moon! - The Moon Landing
Armstrong and Aldrin spent 21 hours on the Moon, collecting rocks and soil, taking photographs and doing experiments. Meanwhile, the third astronaut, Collins, orbited the Moon in the CSM. - The Moon Landing
Attached to the landing pods of the Eagle were lunar-surface, sensing probes. Upon contact with the lunar surface, the probes sent a signal to the crew to shut down the descent engine. - The Moon Landing
The Moon Landing :
