How to teach past perfect tense?
How to teach past perfect tense? :
5 New Fun Ways to Teach Grammar to ESL Students
MENTION THE WORD GRAMMAR AND STUDENTS will cringe. In fact, most teachers will cringe, too.
Of course, teachers know correct grammar rules. But it’s one thing to know them and another thing to effectively teach them and transmit them so that students not only understand the rules, but also apply them correctly. In my experience, grammar shouldn’t be taught by the book At least not in teaching English as a second language. That’s not what students are there for. They don’t want to know all of these rules. They’re not interested in them. They want to learn English. They want to speak, read and write in English. So, how do we as ESL teachers teach them essential grammar and give them what we need, rather than boring them to death with the rules. It’s actually quite simple: by teaching grammar in context. And in fun ways. Let’s move on to some examples, and you’ll see what I mean.
So, take the cringing out of grammar lessons and put some fun into them. You’ll see that your students learn much faster, too.
How to teach the ever-elusive past perfect tense?
Yes….it’s hard to find an ESL student who spontaneously uses the past perfect tense. In fact, there are some native English speakers who don’t use it either (along with other forms of correct English). But it must be taught, never overlooked or your students will be lacking something that they need to take their English fluency to the next level. So, how can we teach the past perfect tense so that it may be fully grasped by our students?
Here are the steps.
Go to OurTimeLines.com where you may generate your personalized timeline and see when major historical events took place throughout your life. For example, if you were born in 1971, you’ll see that the Internet was invented when you were 2. Show students your timeline (or anyone else’s) and set up the past perfect like this…Sam, the Vietnam War ended in 1975.1 was born in 1971. You were born in 1995. So, when you were born, the Vietnam War had ended 20 years earlier. When I was born it hadn’t ended yet.
Give as many examples as you like, go over briefly how the past perfect tense is formed (had plus past participle) and make sure they understand you’re talking about two events that took place in the past, but one before the other - then, have students come up with examples of their own using the timeline.
Once they are comfortable using the past perfect in affirmative sentences, move on to examples with questions - then have them ask each other questions…Laura, when you started primary school, had terrorists attacked the World Trade Center?
Save the timeline because it will come in handy to practice the past perfect in passive voice. Naturally, timelines are great for many tenses, like the simple past or the passive voice.
ACTION!
Nothing shakes them up better than getting them out of their seats. When you see your students daydreaming, not paying attention or simply bored, tell them to get up and form a circle. Now, this simple exercise works great to teach numerous grammar points, but here’s an example.
Say you want your students to practice the simple past of regular or irregular verbs. Grab a small ball or bean bag and say a verb out loud, toss the ball to a student who will have to say its past form. He or she tosses the ball back to you and you choose another student. Whenever a student makes a mistake, he or she has to leave the circle. The last student left standing gets a reward sticker or other prize. You can say a sentence in affirmative and they have to supply a question, or vice versa. This activity can be adapted to any grammar point.
CELEBRITY PROFILES
An awesome way to teach and practice any verb tense is through biographies. Try this activity to contrast the simple past and present perfect tenses. Find out which celebrities or sports stars your students admire. Then find a short biography or write one yourself summarizing a celebrity’s main achievements. Read the bio with your students and make sure they understand the differences. Point out examples that clearly illustrate this….He starred in his first hit film in 1985. But he has worked in 20 hit films throughout his career.
CELEBRITY PHOTOS
Another way in which you can use your students’ interest in certain celebrities. Cut out celebrity pics from entertainment magazines (in fact, I recommend stocking up on a big pile of photos to use in a variety of activities). Use these pictures to teach comparatives and superlatives.
Katie Holmes is taller than Tom Cruise.
Shakira is more talented than Ricky Martin.
It works great with comparative adverbs.
Shakira dances better than Ricky, too.
A or AN?
This activity works great with beginners, including small children. Cut up a list of several words that either take A or AN and mix them up. For very young learners, you may use pictures instead of words. Then divide students into pairs of groups, and have them put the words in two piles, depending on the article. Once they have their piles ready, ask them if they can figure out the rule by themselves.
By far the best ways to teach any type of grammar is through the use of either realia or real life settings and contexts. Why would a student be motivated to learn the conditional tenses if he has no idea why he’s learning them, in other words, he doesn’t understand when and where he’ll have use for them? When teachers use real life settings and objects students will know the grammar structures they learn will be useful for them.
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